航空遥感相机Ronchi光栅自准直检焦模型分析与验证

为解决航空遥感相机检焦系统故障分析、元器件选型及提高检焦精度的问题,本文深入研究了基于Ronchi光栅的光电自准直检焦法。首先,归纳总结了国内外航空相机常用的几种检焦方法,对比了每种检焦方法的优缺点。接着,重点介绍了基于Ronchi光栅的光电自准直检焦系统的构成和工作原理,建立了数学模型,模拟了检焦系统在不同像面位置处的输出波形。然后,为衡量离焦程度,提出了离焦评价因子的概念,接着分析了光学系统的衍射效应和像差大小、Ronchi光栅的周期选择及检焦光源的能量分布这三种因素对检焦精度的影响,给出了Ronchi光栅周期的选择方法。最后,通过实验的方法对本文的仿真结果加以验证。实验结果表明:合焦波形的峰峰值占比0.82,对应0.05 mm步长下的平均检焦分辨力约为10%。     

芯片焊接机光学探头的设计及标定

为了在一个视场同时看到处于准焊接位置的电子芯片和基板上的标记是否对准,以及芯片和基板是否平行,设计并标定了提供对准成像功能和准直检平功能的光学探头,包括对目标的照明系统。保证了芯片焊接的准确性。     

A self‐adaptive and nonmechanical motion autofocusing system for optical microscopes

For the design of a passive autofocusing (AF) system for optical microscopes, many time‐consuming and tedious experiments have been performed to determine and design a better focus criterion function, owing to the sample‐dependence of this function. To accelerate the development of the AF systems in optical microscopes and to increase AF speed as well as maintain the AF accuracy, this study proposes a self‐adaptive and nonmechanical motion AF system. The presented AF system does not require the selection and design of a focus criterion function when it is developed. Instead, the system can automatically determine a better focus criterion function for an observed sample by analyzing the texture features of the sample and subsequently perform an AF procedure to bring the sample into focus in the objective of an optical microscope. In addition, to increase the AF speed, the Z axis scanning of the mechanical motion of the sample or the objective is replaced by focusing scanning performed by a liquid lens, which is driven by an electrical current and does not involve mechanical motion. Experiments show that the reproducibility of the results obtained with the proposed self‐adaptive and nonmechanical motion AF system is better than that provided by that of traditional AF systems, and that the AF speed is 10 times faster than that of traditional AF systems. Also, the self‐adaptive function increased the speed of AF process by an average of 10.5% than Laplacian and Tenegrad functions.     

具有精细结构的圆对称爱里光束的传输特性研究

为了研究具有精细结构的圆对称爱里光束的传输特性,通过减小与光斑宽度相关的参数w,使初始光场具有与波长相近的精细结构。在此特定情况下,用瑞利-索末菲衍射理论对圆对称爱里光束的传输特性进行数值计算。研究结果表明:随着参数w的减小,圆对称爱里光束的精细结构增加,使得代表高频成分的离轴光场影响逐渐增大并参与聚焦行为,焦点光强峰值增大,焦点主光斑的半高全宽减小,突然自聚焦能力得到显著提升;当w减小到某一阈值后,由于持续增加的高频分量进入到倏逝波,焦点光强峰值减小,焦点主光斑的半高全宽增大,突然自聚焦性能下降。     

基于小波变换的太赫兹数字全息成像自动聚焦算法

自动聚焦技术是实现数字全息成像快速、准确再现的关键技术之一。在分析聚焦和离焦过程中小波变换高频和低频系数变化特点的基础上,提出了一种基于小波变换的聚焦判据函数。采用无噪声和被噪声污染的模拟太赫兹(THz)数字全息图,比较分析了这种聚焦判据函数和五种经典的数字全息聚焦判据函数的性能,给出了综合评价。仿真结果表明：同五种经典聚焦判据函数相比,基于小波变换的聚焦评价函数具有更好的单峰性、更高的主峰锐度和极佳的抗噪性,是一种性能优越的THz数字全息成像自动聚焦判据函数。     

基于矢量运算的光电自准直系统建模研究

针对光电自准直系统现有简化模型的局限,研究了一种基于矢量运算的的建模方法.以矢量运算理论为基础,通过对分划板任意点经光电自准直系统成像进行一般性分析,建立了分划板点坐标、平面镜转角与回像点坐标相互关系的数学模型,并提出了理想自准直系统的概念.通过数值仿真,分析了回像轨迹与平面镜转角的关系以及简化模型的原理性误差.根据分析的结论,进行了激光自准直实验验证.文中建立的模型对于大范围、高精度的光电自准直系统设计、误差分析与补偿具有一定的指导意义.     

高精度控制光电光栅刻划机的光栅外差干涉仪

为提高光电式光栅刻划机的控制精度,设计了一种自准直式激光光栅外差干涉仪的新型测量系统。以光栅衍射和偏振光学为理论基础,结合电子学的相关知识对系统进行了理论分析,设计了基准光栅,并进行了大量的实验研究。由实验研究可知,这种利用光栅的自准直衍射和以光栅栅距作为计量基准的干涉测量系统,具有受环境因素的影响低,结构简单、装调方便等优点;采用双频激光得到的测量信号增益大,信噪比高;该系统用于光栅刻划,得到的栅线间距刻划偏差优于10nm,在3mm行程内累积误差约为0.3μm。结果表明,该系统具有纳米级分辨力,用于实时测量控制系统,测量误差很小,完全达到了中阶梯光栅等特种光栅对刻划机的高精度分度要求。     

A High Speed Autofocusing System for Micro System Applications

In this paper, we present a high speed autofocus system for micro system applications and design a look-up-table based autofocusing algorithm for applications when a target object is always visible, e.g., manufacturing parts with alignment fiducials. We perform an evaluation of 24 focus measures to verify that which focus measure is the best for the look-up-table based method. From the evaluation, we find that the Chebyshev moments-based focus measure (CHEB) is the most suitable. Furthermore, we also develop a look-up-table based autofocus system that uses CHEB as the focus measure. In training phase, we offline construct a table from training images of an object that are captured at several lens distances. Each entry of table consists of focus measure computed from image and lens distance. In working phase, given an input image, the algorithm first computes the focus measure and then finds the best match focus measure from the table and looks up the corresponding lens position for moving it into the in-focus position. Our algorithm can perform autofocusing within only 2 steps of lens moving. The experiment shows that the system can perform high speed autofocusing of micro objects.     

图像矩心内插法在空间相机实时检焦中的应用

自动检调焦技术是保证空间相机拍摄出高质量图象的重要技术手段,本文提出了一种自准直法精密检焦系统,该方法利用五棱镜代替大平面反射镜,用CCD作为光电转换器件,用半导体激光器做光源,结构紧凑,稳定可靠.采用矩心法求取光斑在CCD上的移动量,从而计算出离焦量,在测量中通过合理选取阈值和数据平滑技术,提高了检测精度,实验结果表明该方法能够达5μm以内的检焦分辨率     

基于光学自准直的航空相机自动调焦系统

分析了摄影环境的大气压力和温度的变化对航空相机离焦的影响,介绍了基于光学自准直的自动调焦系统的硬件电路原理和软件流程设计.基于光学自准直的检焦技术,选用两种图像清晰度评价函数,运用爬山搜索法采用变步长进行检焦控制,不仅有效地节省了检焦时图像处理的时间,而且提高了检焦的精度.通过引入高度和摄影角度数据,进行离焦量计算,通...